Automakers have made splashy multibillion-dollar investments toward electrification, but before they can fulfill any of their lofty aspirations, the industry has a critical issue to solve: developing a plan to source raw materials for electric vehicle batteries. Automakers should lead the charge.
EV market share could surge to half of U.S. sales in less than a decade, if the Biden administration reaches its goal, up from less than 3 percent of U.S. light-vehicle sales today. The rest of the global industry — specifically China and Europe — is further along and moving faster to replace internal combustion with electricity.
Automakers and battery manufacturers are experimenting with new battery chemistries to increase efficiency and range and reduce cost. But the demand for key materials — vital metals — to assemble the battery cells will nevertheless be huge and growing rapidly. Sourcing them safely, responsibly and at a reasonable cost requires establishing a new supply chain for EV batteries.
Sourcing metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and manganese for batteries is a problem the industry needs to solve quickly to avoid component shortages similar to the semiconductor and container crises it has faced this year.
Automakers and battery manufacturers have outlined some projects to streamline sourcing, but more must be done, including advance investments in recycling.
The preparation needs to start now: establishing or partnering in mining and extraction sites; localizing the battery supply chain with processing and recycling near battery cell plants; developing a long-term recycling and reuse plan; testing new battery chemistries; and taking steps to ensure the materials used are sourced responsibly.
Starting this week, and in our next two issues, Automotive News takes a closer look at the battery material landscape and the evolving supply chain.
Locating and extracting the key elements for batteries are tasks vastly different from automakers’ century-old core business of building internal combustion vehicles. If the industry wants to smooth its transition to EVs in the coming decades, automakers’ strategies must start from the foundational source: the elements deep within Earth’s crust.